ISO 14064-1 · GHG Protocol · ISO 14046 · Scope 1·2·3

Carbon +
Water
Intelligence Studio

Enterprise B2B SaaS studio for industrial facilities. Enter your activity data → get instant ISO-aligned footprint calculations + AI-ranked reduction actions with payback, MAC and complexity scoring. Download Excel templates, apply to your own data, and generate audit-ready reports.

9
Studio Steps
8
AI Action Classes
15
Spec Sections
nexus.platform → studio
LIVE
Acme Corp · Facility A · FY2024
S1S2S3
Total GHG
42,800
tCO₂e
Water
1.24M
m³/yr
Intensity
0.38
MWh/unit
Monthly GHG
Water
🤖
AI Recs · 3 Active
Boiler #3 → Biogas
−1,840 t/yr
Cooling Tower Recycle
−82K m³/yr
LED + BMS
−$148K/yr
Interactive Studio · Live Calculator

Calculate Your Footprint
Step by Step

A 9-step guided workflow. Fill your activity data → see live ISO-aligned calculations → get AI-ranked reduction recommendations. All formulas reference peer-reviewed methodology (IPCC 2019 Guidelines, GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, ISO 14046).

1
Facility Setup
Define your organization and facility context.
📘 Why this matters
ISO 14064-1:2018 requires defining organizational boundary (consolidation approach) and reporting boundary. Facility metadata — location, sector, annual output — is the foundation of intensity metrics and peer benchmarking.
🏢 Organization
for target tracking
GHG Protocol Corporate Standard Ch. 3
🏭 Facility Details
for intensity metrics
for water stress lookup
2
Scope 1 — Direct Emissions
Fuel combustion on-site + company vehicles + refrigerants.
📘 Methodology
Formula: Activity × EF (kgCO₂e/unit) / 1000 = tCO₂e. EFs from IPCC 2019 Refinement Guidelines Vol.2 (Stationary Ch.2, Mobile Ch.3), with GWP values from IPCC AR6.
🔥 Stationary Combustion
Boilers, furnaces, generators. Enter annual fuel consumption — engine auto-calculates using IPCC EFs.
m³/yr · EF 1.885 kgCO₂e/m³
litres/yr · EF 2.676 kgCO₂e/L
litres/yr · EF 3.163
kg/yr · EF 2.983
tonnes/yr · EF 2,418
GJ/yr · biogenic (=0)
🚚 Mobile Combustion
Company-owned/leased vehicles, forklifts, mobile equipment.
litres/yr · EF 2.512
litres/yr · EF 2.181
kg/yr · EF 1.557
💨 Fugitive Emissions (Refrigerants)
Refrigerant top-ups indicate leakage. HFCs have 1000s× CO₂ warming potency.
kg/yr · GWP 1,526 (AR6)
kg/yr · GWP 2,256
kgCO₂e/yr (pre-calculated)
3
Scope 2 — Indirect Energy
Purchased electricity, heat, cooling — dual reporting.
📘 Dual Reporting (GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance 2015)
Location-Based: grid-average EF from IEA. Shows physical reality. Market-Based: uses contractual instruments — green tariffs, GOs, RECs, PPAs. Shows purchasing choice. Both must be reported.
⚡ Purchased Electricity
Grid EF by country: Turkey ≈ 0.442 kgCO₂e/kWh (IEA 2023); Germany ≈ 0.381; France ≈ 0.057; USA avg ≈ 0.370.
MWh/yr
kgCO₂e/kWh · IEA country default
% via GOs, RECs, PPAs
AIB 2023 European residual
🔥 Purchased Heat, Steam, Cooling
GJ/yr
kgCO₂e/GJ · DEFRA default
GJ/yr
4
Scope 3 — Value Chain
Indirect value-chain emissions. 15 GHG Protocol categories.
📘 Scope 3 Method
Scope 3 is often 70–95% of total corporate emissions (WRI/WBCSD 2011). Two methods: Spend-based ($ × EF from ecoinvent/EXIOBASE) · Activity-based (physical units × specific EF). Activity-based is more accurate.
📦 Category 1 — Purchased Goods & Services
USD/yr
kgCO₂e/$ · EXIOBASE
🏗️ Category 2 — Capital Goods
USD/yr
kgCO₂e/$
🚛 Category 4 — Upstream Transportation
tkm/yr
kgCO₂e/tkm · DEFRA road
🗑️ Category 5 — Waste from Operations
tonnes/yr
kgCO₂e/t
✈️ Category 6 — Business Travel
passenger-km/yr
kgCO₂e/pkm
5
Water Footprint Module
Withdrawal, consumption, discharge, reuse — ISO 14046 aligned.
💧 Water Balance
Per ISO 14046:2014: Consumption = Withdrawal − Discharge. Recycling rate = Recycled / (Withdrawal + Recycled). Water Stress Index (WSI) from WRI Aqueduct 4.0: 0–0.1 low · 0.4+ high · 0.8+ extreme.
🚰 Water Withdrawal by Source
m³/yr
m³/yr · rivers, lakes
m³/yr · wells
m³/yr · harvested
m³/yr
m³/yr · reclaimed
🔄 Discharge & Recycling
m³/yr · total out
m³/yr · closed loop
m³/yr · transfer
📍 Water Stress Context
WRI Aqueduct 4.0 · Istanbul ≈ 0.45
USD/m³
6
Computed Results & KPIs
ISO-aligned GHG inventory + water footprint.
Click "Compute All" to calculate
The engine will aggregate Scope 1 + 2 + 3 + Water inputs, apply IPCC/DEFRA/IEA emission factors and AR6 GWP values, then display the full inventory with breakdown charts, intensity metrics and data-quality warnings.
7
AI Recommendations
Hotspot-driven ranked action list with MAC, payback, complexity.
Compute your results first (Step 6)
The AI engine needs your computed inventory to detect hotspots, match opportunities from the 8 action classes, and generate a ranked recommendation list.
8
Scenario Lab
What-if simulation · 5-year NPV analysis.
Generate AI recommendations first (Step 7)
Recommendations auto-populate the scenario lab. You can then adjust CAPEX, implementation year, discount rate to see projected 5-year carbon, water and cash trajectories vs business-as-usual.
9
Data Format Guide
What to collect, units, example values. Download the Excel template.
📋 Data Collection Checklist
Collect 12 months of data (ideally monthly). Use invoices, utility bills, meter readings, ERP exports. Flag any estimated values. The Excel template provides one sheet per Scope/Module with pre-filled headers, units and example rows.

Sheet 1 — Facility Setup

#
Field
Type
Unit
Example / Notes
1
organization_name*
string
—
Acme Industries Corp
2
reporting_year*
integer
YYYY
2024
3
base_year
integer
YYYY
2020 (target tracking)
4
consolidation_approach*
enum
—
operational_control | financial_control | equity_share
5
facility_name*
string
—
Istanbul Plant
6
country_iso3*
string(3)
ISO-3
TUR, DEU, USA
7
sector
enum
—
cement | steel | chemicals | food | textile | auto | pulp | electronics
8
annual_output
number
depends
120000 (for intensity metrics)
9
output_unit
enum
—
tonnes | units | MWh | m3_product | usd
10
latitude
number
decimal°
41.0082 (for WSI lookup)

Sheet 2 — Scope 1 Activity Data

#
Field
Type
Unit
Example / Source
1
natural_gas
number
m³/yr
2,800,000 (utility bills)
2
diesel_stationary
number
litres/yr
450,000 (generator logs)
3
heavy_fuel_oil
number
litres/yr
0
4
lpg
number
kg/yr
120,000
5
coal_bituminous
number
tonnes/yr
0
6
fleet_diesel
number
litres/yr
85,000 (fuel cards)
7
fleet_gasoline
number
litres/yr
28,000
8
hfc_134a_toppedup
number
kg/yr
45 (service logs)
9
r_410a_toppedup
number
kg/yr
28

Sheet 3 — Scope 2 Electricity & Heat

#
Field
Type
Unit
Example / Source
1
electricity_total*
number
MWh/yr
42,000 (electricity bill)
2
grid_ef
number
kgCO₂e/kWh
0.442 (IEA 2023 Turkey)
3
green_pct
number
%
15 (GOs, RECs, PPAs)
4
residual_ef
number
kgCO₂e/kWh
0.480 (AIB residual mix)
5
heat_purchased
number
GJ/yr
1,800 (district heating)
6
cooling_purchased
number
GJ/yr
0

Sheet 4 — Scope 3 Value Chain

#
Field
Type
Unit
Example / Method
1
c1_procurement_spend
number
USD/yr
18,000,000 (ERP total)
2
c1_ef_per_usd
number
kgCO₂e/$
0.42 (EXIOBASE)
3
c2_capex_spend
number
USD/yr
2,400,000
4
c4_freight_tkm
number
tonne-km/yr
8,500,000
5
c4_ef
number
kgCO₂e/tkm
0.082 (DEFRA road avg)
6
c5_waste_tonnes
number
tonnes/yr
340 (hauler invoices)
7
c6_air_travel_pkm
number
pkm/yr
1,200,000 (travel system)

Sheet 5 — Water

#
Field
Type
Unit
Example / Source
1
withdrawal_municipal
number
m³/yr
480,000 (utility invoice)
2
withdrawal_surface
number
m³/yr
620,000 (intake meter)
3
withdrawal_ground
number
m³/yr
140,000 (well meter)
4
discharge_total*
number
m³/yr
920,000 (effluent meter)
5
recycled_internal
number
m³/yr
85,000
6
water_stress_index
number
0–1
0.45 (WRI Aqueduct 4.0)
7
water_tariff
number
USD/m³
1.25
AI Engine — Optimization Architecture

How the AI Engine Works

Multi-layer pipeline — statistical hotspot detection → rule-based opportunity matching → multi-criteria scoring → explainable ranked action list → scenario simulation. Grounded in MACC methodology (McKinsey 2009), Pareto analysis, and multi-criteria decision analysis.

Input Features
→
Hotspot Detection
→
Opportunity Match
→
Multi-Criteria Scoring
→
Ranked List
→
Scenario Sim

8A · Input Feature Set (6 Groups)

Energy Signals
Monthly electricity (MWh)
Natural gas (GJ / m³)
Diesel / HFO / LPG volumes
Steam & heat purchase (GJ)
Energy intensity (MWh/unit)
On-site renewable generation
Peak / off-peak ratio
Emissions Profile
Scope 1/2/3 breakdown (tCO₂e)
Intensity vs sector benchmark
Scope 3 supplier concentration
Fugitive emission rates
Grid emission factor
Gap to science-based target
Water Signals
Monthly withdrawal (m³)
Consumption / withdrawal ratio
Discharge quality class
Recycling rate (%)
Water stress index (WSI)
Cooling tower blowdown
Operational Context
Facility age & equipment vintage
Production schedule (shifts)
Sector SIC/NACE code
Country / grid region
Available CAPEX budget
Regulatory context (ETS, CBAM)
Financial Context
Internal carbon price ($/tCO₂e)
Local energy tariff ($/MWh)
Gas price ($/GJ)
Water tariff ($/m³)
ETS credit price
WACC / hurdle rate (%)
Trend & Target
12-month emission slope
YoY production-normalized Δ
Remaining budget to SBT
Months to target deadline
Historical anomaly frequency

8B · Hotspot Detection Logic

Python — Hotspot Detector
class HotspotDetector: def detect_emission_hotspots(self, facility_data): # Rule 1: Pareto - sources driving 80% of emissions sorted_e = sorted(facility_data, key=lambda x: x["co2e"], reverse=True) total = sum(e["co2e"] for e in facility_data) cum, hotspots = 0, [] for e in sorted_e: cum += e["co2e"] e["share_pct"] = e["co2e"] / total * 100 if cum / total <= 0.80: hotspots.append(e) # Rule 2: Z-score intensity anomaly vs peer group z = stats.zscore([e["intensity"] for e in facility_data]) for i, e in enumerate(facility_data): if z[i] > 1.5 and e not in hotspots: e["anomaly_flag"] = "HIGH_INTENSITY" hotspots.append(e) # Rule 3: Trend reversal detection for e in facility_data: series = e.get("monthly_series", []) if len(series) >= 6: slope, _, r, _, _ = stats.linregress(range(len(series)), series) if slope > 0 and r**2 > 0.5: e["trend_flag"] = "INCREASING_TREND" return hotspots

8C · Multi-Criteria Scoring

Composite Priority Score
Score = w₁·(ΔCO₂e_norm) + w₂·(ΔWater_norm) + w₃·(ROI_norm) + w₄·(1 − Complexity_norm)
Default weights: w₁=0.35 w₂=0.20 w₃=0.30 w₄=0.15 (tenant-configurable)
MAC ($/tCO₂e) = (CAPEX_annualized − Annual_Saving) / ΔCO₂e_t
Payback = CAPEX / Annual_Net_Saving · NPV = Σ CF_t / (1+r)^t
DimensionSignalNormalizationDefault Weight
Carbon ReductionΔtCO₂e/yr vs facility totalmin-max [0,1]35%
Water ReductionΔm³/yr vs facility totalmin-max [0,1]20%
Financial ROIAnnual saving / CAPEXlog-scaled [0,1]30%
Ease of Implementation1 − Complexity (0–1)direct15%

8D · 8 Action Class Library

⚡ Energy Efficiency
S1+2
CO₂e reduction5–30%
Payback1–4 yrs
TriggerHigh intensity Z-score
🔥 Fuel Switching
Scope 1
CO₂e reduction20–80%
Payback2–6 yrs
TriggerHigh fossil share
⚙️ Process Optimization
S1+2
CO₂e reduction3–15%
Payback<1–2 yrs
TriggerOff-hours spike
💧 Water Reuse
Water
Water reduction20–70%
Payback2–6 yrs
TriggerLow recycling, high WSI
🔍 Leak Reduction
Quick Win
Saving3–12%
Payback<1 yr
TriggerMeter gap signal
❄️ Cooling Optimization
Scope 2
Energy reduction10–25%
Payback1–3 yrs
TriggerCooling >30% of elec
📅 Equipment Scheduling
Quick Win
Peak reduction5–20%
Payback<1 yr
TriggerHigh peak/off-peak
🌱 Renewable Electricity
Scope 2 MB
CO₂e reduction30–100%
Payback1–3 yrs (PPA)
TriggerHigh S2, dirty grid
🧠 Explainability — What Every Rec Card Shows
1. What we found — hotspot signal (e.g. "Boiler #3 = 43% of S1") · 2. Why it matters — % of total, trend, gap to target · 3. What to do — specific action + steps · 4. What you gain — CO₂e, water, cost savings · 5. What it costs — CAPEX, payback, complexity · 6. Confidence — data quality score.
Platform Architecture

Multi-Tenant Enterprise SaaS

15-section spec: scope, roles, data model, schema, engines, factor libraries, API, reporting, MVP and enterprise roadmap.

§1 · Product Scope

🏭
Multi-Facility Carbon
Org → Legal Entity → Facility → Process → Activity. Equity share, financial and operational control consolidation.
💧
Water Footprint
Withdrawal, consumption, discharge, recycling per source. WRI Aqueduct WSI stress context.
⚡
Energy Intensity
MWh/unit production. Process attribution. Peer benchmarking. Target tracking.
🤖
AI Recommendations
Hotspot detection, ranked opportunities, MAC curves, complexity scoring.
🔬
Scenario Simulator
What-if for CAPEX decisions. Carbon, water, cost projections. NPV + IRR.
📊
Audit Reporting
GHG inventory, CSRD/ESRS, CDP format, management dashboards. PDF + Excel export.
Scope 1 — Direct Emissions
Stationary + mobile combustion + fugitive + process. ISO 14064-1 Category 1. Full audit trail.
Scope 2 — Indirect Energy
Purchased electricity (LB + MB dual), heat, cooling. IEA grid EF library.
Scope 3 — Value Chain
All 15 GHG Protocol categories. Spend-based and activity-based methods.

§2 · User Roles & RBAC

RoleScopeCapabilitiesTypical User
ORG_ADMINOrganization-wideFull CRUD, user management, billing, report sign-offChief Sustainability Officer
FACILITY_MANAGERAssigned facilitiesData entry, facility reports, target trackingPlant / Site Manager
DATA_ANALYSTOrg read + own entriesData entry, validation, scenario creationESG Analyst, Engineer
AUDITOROrg-wide read-onlyView all data, audit trail, export reportsExternal Auditor
VIEWERAssigned reportsView dashboards and shared reports onlyExecutive, Board
SUPER_ADMINPlatform-wideTenant management, factor library, system configPlatform Operator

§3 · Multi-Tenant Data Model

TENANT
→
LEGAL ENTITY
→
FACILITY
→
PROCESS
→
ACTIVITY
→
DATA ENTRY
PostgreSQL Row-Level Security (RLS)
Every table carries tenant_id UUID enforced via PostgreSQL RLS. No cross-tenant leakage possible at DB layer.

§4 · Database Schema (PostgreSQL)

SQL — Core Tables
-- Tenant CREATE TABLE tenants ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, slug VARCHAR(80) UNIQUE NOT NULL, plan VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'mvp', base_year INTEGER, target_year INTEGER ); -- Facility CREATE TABLE facilities ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), tenant_id UUID REFERENCES tenants(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, name VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, country VARCHAR(3), sector VARCHAR(80), annual_output NUMERIC, output_unit VARCHAR(30), lat NUMERIC, lon NUMERIC ); -- Activity Entry CREATE TABLE activity_entries ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), tenant_id UUID REFERENCES tenants(id), facility_id UUID REFERENCES facilities(id), scope VARCHAR(20), category VARCHAR(80), period_start DATE, period_end DATE, activity_value NUMERIC NOT NULL, activity_unit VARCHAR(30), ef_id UUID REFERENCES emission_factors(id), ghg_result_co2e NUMERIC, status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'draft', audit_hash VARCHAR(64) ); -- Water Entry CREATE TABLE water_entries ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), tenant_id UUID REFERENCES tenants(id), facility_id UUID REFERENCES facilities(id), entry_type VARCHAR(30), source_type VARCHAR(40), volume_m3 NUMERIC NOT NULL, period_start DATE, period_end DATE ); -- AI Recommendations CREATE TABLE recommendations ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(), tenant_id UUID REFERENCES tenants(id), facility_id UUID REFERENCES facilities(id), action_class VARCHAR(60), title VARCHAR(200), reduction_co2e_t NUMERIC, reduction_water_m3 NUMERIC, annual_saving_usd NUMERIC, capex_usd NUMERIC, payback_years NUMERIC, complexity_score NUMERIC, priority_rank INTEGER, priority_score NUMERIC, status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'open' );
§11 · API Design (FastAPI)

REST API Endpoints

Base URL: /api/v1/ — JWT Bearer token required. Tenant resolved from token claims.

AUTH & TENANTS
POST
/auth/login
Email + password → JWT access + refresh token
GET
/tenants/{id}/summary
Organization KPI summary (GHG, water, target progress)
FACILITIES & DATA
GET
/facilities
List all facilities (paginated, filterable)
POST
/entries/emissions
Create emission entry. Returns auto-computed CO₂e
POST
/entries/water
Create water entry (withdrawal / consumption / discharge / recycled)
PUT
/entries/emissions/{id}/verify
Mark verified. Stores SHA-256 audit hash
AI ENGINE
POST
/ai/recommendations/generate
Trigger AI run. Returns job_id (async)
GET
/ai/recommendations/{facility_id}
Ranked list with scores, impacts, complexity
POST
/ai/scenarios
Scenario simulation. Body: action_ids[], horizon, discount_rate
REPORTING
POST
/reports/ghg-inventory
Generate GHG inventory PDF. Returns signed S3 URL
POST
/reports/excel-export
Full Excel export with all entries and audit trail
GET
/reports/audit-trail/{facility_id}
Immutable audit log with hash chain verification
§13–15 · Roadmap + Deployment

Implementation Roadmap

12-month path from zero to enterprise-grade. MVP in 5 months. Each milestone is a sellable deliverable.

Month 1–2 · MVP
Core Infrastructure
Multi-tenant PostgreSQL + RLS. FastAPI + JWT RBAC. Next.js shell. S3 storage. CI/CD. Basic user + facility management.
Month 2–3 · MVP
Emission Engine (Scope 1 + 2)
Stationary + mobile combustion. Electricity LB. IPCC + DEFRA EF library. Auto-CO₂e calculation. Monthly data entry UI.
Month 3–4 · MVP
Water Module + Dashboard
Water withdrawal, consumption, discharge entry. KPI dashboard. Facility comparison. Basic PDF reports. Audit trail.
Month 4–5 · MVP
AI Recommendation Engine v1
Pareto + Z-score hotspot detection. 8 action class library. Multi-criteria scoring. Ranked list UI with explainability. Basic scenario sim.
Month 6–8 · Enterprise
Scope 3 Full + Auto Ingestion
All 15 GHG Protocol categories. Supplier portal. ERP connectors (SAP/Oracle). Utility bill OCR. ecoinvent integration.
Month 9–10 · Enterprise
CDP + CSRD Reporting
CDP auto-population. ESRS E1+E3 mapping. XBRL tagging. SBTi validation. Assurance pack.
Month 10–12 · Enterprise
AI v2 + SSO + SIEM
Gradient boosting classifier. Peer benchmarking. MAC curve viz. SAML/OIDC SSO. SOC 2 Type II. Data residency.
MVP Definition of Done
A pilot customer with 3+ facilities can (1) enter monthly Scope 1+2 data, (2) see auto-calculated KPIs, (3) receive ranked AI recommendations, (4) run what-if scenarios, (5) export GHG inventory PDF. That is a complete, sellable product.

§15 · Production Infrastructure

🐳
Docker + Kubernetes
Container orchestration. Auto-scaling. Rolling updates. Separate staging + prod clusters.
⚡
FastAPI + Uvicorn
Async Python backend. 3 replicas min. Rate limiting (1000 req/min per tenant).
⚛️
Next.js App Router
Server + client rendering. Edge caching. ISR for reports.
🐘
PostgreSQL 15+
Multi-tenant RLS. Read replicas. PgBouncer pooling. Patroni HA for enterprise.
🔴
Redis + Celery
Cache + async jobs. AI recommendations auto-scale on queue depth.
📊
Prometheus + Grafana
Metrics, alerting, SLO monitoring. Structured logs to Loki. OpenTelemetry traces.
Security Checklist
PostgreSQL RLS · JWT short TTL + refresh rotation · AES-256 at rest · TLS 1.3 · SHA-256 audit hash chain · Pen tested · SOC 2 Type II roadmap · GDPR workflows · HashiCorp Vault for secrets
© 2024 CarbonWater Nexus AI · Platform Specification + Studio IPCC 2019 · DEFRA · IEA · WRI Aqueduct · ecoinvent